Rules for Conduct

Rule 8.1 Admission to the Bar and Disciplinary Matters Rule 8.2 Judges and judicial officials Rule 8.3 Reporting of professional misconduct Rule 8.4 Misconduct Rule 8.5 Disciplinary authority; Choice of law 6. We will not accept an order from a customer or employer if the services to be provided involve conduct known to be illegal or in violation of the GISCI Code of Conduct. The SPPEB Code of Conduct, which constitutes the main section of the Code, although organized around the same broad moral values as other generally descriptive codes of ethics, implies, but not explicitly, some fundamental principles of ethical psychologists. The titles of the SPPD Code of Conduct are: Competence, Altered Objectivity and Dual Relationships, Client Well-Being, Supervisor and Research Subject Well-Being, Protection of Client Confidentiality, Service Representation, Fees and Statements, Assessment Procedures, Violations of Law and Complicity in Illegal Practices. Under these topics, the rules themselves contain many subtopics that contain explicit requirements. McClatchy has written more than a dozen stories about the lab since last March; The stories included details of misconduct by two former analysts who had made serious mistakes in DNA and gun testing and were later discovered for falsifying and destroying documents when they faced the problems. The first codes of ethics for engineers, established in the United States from 1912, initially consisted only of professional rules of conduct for dealing with clients and competitors (professional ethics). Although these codes were quickly supplemented by principles affirming that the common good must take precedence in the practice of the engineering profession, these advances were thwarted by the prohibition of public criticism of engineering projects and their execution, as well as by the absence of procedures for monitoring and protecting the engineers concerned. Guidelines for environmental sustainability and nature conservation were also lacking in this first phase of development (in 1908 J.

Cooke, president of the Association of Engineers of the United States, both in his goal of combating air pollution through binding rules and in his plan to establish legal procedures for cases of moral conflict; In 1932, two members of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) were expelled after violating the provisions of the ASCE Code by denouncing irregularities in the construction of the dam, which led to the punishment of those responsible; see Layton, 1971). While a plethora of different codes were adopted in the United States in the following decades (cf. Flores 1980, Unger 1982; for an international overview of ethical codes, see VDI and Hubig 2000), developments in Europe were rather moderate. This is partly due to the fact that other organisations were responsible for the control and supervision of technical installations in Europe (e.g. TÜV and its predecessors in Germany) and that the European engineering associations and institutes concerned had established legally binding rules for technological design (e.g. DIN, German Institute for Industrial Standardization, and VDI, Association of German Engineers). In addition, the more advanced social and labor laws in force in European countries (including protection against dismissal) perform functions that must be fulfilled in the United States through various means. The idea of performance reporting standards arose from the desire to create rules that require asset managers to objectively present their management performance. Without such codes of conduct, there is always the danger that managers will only present themselves “in a good light” and select portfolio data as “proof” of their management performance. With strict rules, GIPS try to counter the main forms of cherry-picking.

As with professional clinical practice in health care, the academic and clinical components of health professional education are subject to legal and ethical codes of conduct to which academics, clinical schools and managers must adhere. This chapter summarizes key federal legislation, case law and risk management strategies to minimize liability risks in academic and clinical training institutions. To counter cynicism, the response of professional associations is to turn their ethical “guidelines” into rules that, if broken, will result in sanctions against the villain. An example is the following excerpt from the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants` 2007 Code of Professional Conduct: Parker goes even further and produces a duality based on public and private interests. He argues that public and private interests are ostensibly pursued by the profession. The public interest is readily declared, but the private interest remains overwhelmed but powerful. It views the role of ethical rules in protecting the private interests of members as an essential element of the auditor`s ongoing commitment to ensuring his or her own survival. 3. We will not engage in fraudulent acts or wanton disregard for the rights of others. The ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct were adopted by the ABA House of Representatives in 1983. They serve as a model for the ethical rules of most jurisdictions. Prior to the adoption of the Model Rules, the ABA model was the Model Code of Professional Liability of 1969.

The Model Code was preceded by the Canons of Ethics of 1908 (last amended in 1963). In the 1970s, after a series of high-profile technical safety scandals (including the Bay Area Rapid Transit [BART] case, in which engineers who drew attention to the dangerous aspects of BART design lost their jobs when their intervention was justified; see Friedlander 1974), it became increasingly clear that codes of conduct needed to include provisions to protect whistleblowers. Similarly, rules of conduct in conflict cases – including the creation of support bodies such as appeals, arbitration tribunals, etc. – were needed to prevent engineers from being pushed into the role of lone “heroes” or “victims” (Alpern 1987, MacCormac 1987, Lenk 1987). IEEE has been instrumental in these developments. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, codes of ethics are gaining international importance, but are still far behind the much more advanced debate in the United States: their provisions may be limited to professional matters, for example in the area of general principles (VDI and Hubig 2000). With respect to academic discipline, educators and administrators must take reasonable steps to ensure that their appropriate disciplinary procedures are communicated to anyone who may be affected, and in particular, they must adhere to their own rules and guidelines when disciplining students. Before adverse administrative measures can be taken against a student in a public educational institution, the student has the right to be duly informed of a violation and the opportunity to present his or her side of the story.

The Criminal Investigation Command, abbreviated as CID, says it never targeted anyone for speaking to the media and says McClatchy`s series of stories exaggerated isolated mistakes and misconduct that should not affect the lab`s overall reputation. Following McClatchy`s articles, Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., and Senator Charles Grassley of Iowa, the committee`s highest-ranking Republican member, called on the military to investigate the lab`s handling of one of the analysts` misconduct. An investigation by the Pentagon inspector general is ongoing. Confucianism consists of a set of rules of conduct that deal with how people adapt to life. Its lack of metaphysical foundations makes it an ethical doctrine rather than a theistic religion (Weber, 1951). Confucianism differs from other religions in three aspects (1) it has no divinity, but is rather based on rules of conduct; (2) it was not founded in a manner that competes with other religions; and (3) there is no large institutional “church” with priests, ceremonies and laity (Redding, 1993, p.46). 13. We will not knowingly refuse to cooperate or provide information to the ethics officer or ethics committee if an allegation of ethical misconduct has been laid, and we reserve the right to incriminate ourselves. In the Middle Ages, a set of standards known as lex mercatoria developed in Europe. It was a form of private order base that connected traders from different territories and aimed to allow traders to follow common rules and resolve disputes quickly.

These standards have been practiced in various meeting places, usually at fairs across the continent. Fairs have also become venues for dispute resolution, with traders establishing and administering such courts (Braithwaite and Drahos, 2000). It may be useful to pause at this stage to examine the basis on which the profession formulates the technical and professional standards it expects from its members.